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    不同养殖模式下大黄鱼形体、抗氧化能力及肌肉品质的比较

    A comparative study on body morphology, antioxidant capacity, and muscle quality of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) under different culture systems

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      背景 近年来以近岸网箱养殖为主的大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）出现肌肉营养品质和质构特性下降的趋势，而深水网箱养殖模式能够模拟自然生态环境，有助于提高大黄鱼的营养价值。
      目的 本研究旨在系统评估远海深水网箱养殖模式的综合效益。
      方法 于2025年1月收集体质量相似的远海深水网箱养殖、近岸网箱养殖和野生的大黄鱼各10尾，对比分析3种来源大黄鱼的形体、血清抗氧化能力、肌肉质构和营养品质等方面的差异。
      结果 在形体指标方面，远海深水网箱养殖大黄鱼的肥满度（CF）和肌肉硬度与野生大黄鱼相近，但均显著优于近岸网箱养殖大黄鱼（P<0.05）。在抗氧化能力方面，远海深水网箱养殖大黄鱼的过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）均显著高于近岸网箱养殖大黄鱼（P<0.05），且与野生大黄鱼无显著差异（P>0.05）。在肌肉营养成分方面，远海深水网箱养殖大黄鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于野生大黄鱼，显著低于近岸网箱养殖大黄鱼（P<0.05），而其粗蛋白质含量与其他两组无显著差异（P>0.05）。在脂肪酸组成上，远海深水网箱养殖大黄鱼硬脂酸（C18:0）含量显著低于野生大黄鱼（P<0.05），而棕榈油酸（C16:1n-7）含量显著较高（P<0.05）；此外，二十碳五烯酸（C20:5n-3，EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（C22:6n-3，DHA）、饱和脂肪酸（∑SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（∑MUFA）以及n-6与n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量（∑n-6 PUFA、∑n-3 PUFA）均与野生大黄鱼无显著差异（P>0.05）。氨基酸分析显示，远海深水网箱养殖大黄鱼中的苏氨酸（Thr）、甲硫氨酸（Met）、亮氨酸（Leu）、缬氨酸（Val）、谷氨酸（Glu）、甘氨酸（Gly）、丙氨酸（Ala）、天冬氨酸（Asp）和丝氨酸（Ser）等氨基酸的含量均与野生大黄鱼相当（P>0.05），而必需氨基酸（EAA）、呈味氨基酸（FAA）及总氨基酸（TAA）含量均显著高于近岸网箱养殖大黄鱼（P<0.05）。
      结论 综上所述，远海深水网箱养殖模式可显著改善大黄鱼的形体、抗氧化能力、肌肉质构、脂肪酸组成和氨基酸营养价值，其综合品质更接近野生大黄鱼，表明该养殖模式在高品质大黄鱼生产中具有重要的应用潜力。本研究结果为提升大黄鱼养殖品质和优化集约化养殖技术提供理论依据与实践支撑。

       

      Abstract:
      Background In recent years, the muscle nutritious quality and texture characteristics of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), which are mainly cultured in nearshore cages, have shown a downward trend. The deep-water cage can simulate the natural ecological environment, which helps to enhance the nutritional value of L. crocea.
      Objective This study aims to systematically evaluate the comprehensive benefits of offshore deep-water cage culture system.
      Methods In January 2025, thirty L. crocea with similar body mass from offshore deep-water cage-cultured, nearshore cage-cultured, and wild populations (10 ind for each culture system) were collected for the comparative analysis of differences in body morphology indices, muscle texture and nutritional quality, and serum antioxidant capacity.
      Results In body morphology indices, the condition factor and muscle hardness of L. crocea cultured in offshore deep-water cages were similar to those of wild L. crocea, but significantly better than those of nearshore cage-cultured L. crocea(P<0.05). In terms of antioxidant capacity, the offshore deep-water cage-cultured L. crocea had significantly higher catalase activity (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) than nearshore cage-cultured L. crocea (P<0.05), and showed no significant differences from wild L. crocea (P>0.05). In terms of muscle composition, the crude lipid content of L. crocea cultured in offshore deep-water cages was significantly higher than that of wild L. crocea, but lower than that of nearshore cage-cultured L. crocea (P<0.05). However, there were no sigmficant differences in crude protein content between offshore deep-water cage-cultured group and the other two groups. In terms of fatty acid conposition, the content of C18:0 in muscle of L. crocea cultured in offshore deep-water cages was significantly lower than that of wild L. crocea (P<0.05), while the content of C16:1n-7 was significantly higher (P<0.05). Additionally, there were no significant differences in the contents of C20:5n-3 (EPA), C22:6n-3 (DHA), saturated fatty acids (∑SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA), and n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑n-6 PUFA, ∑n-3 PUFA) between offshore deep-water cage-cultured and wild L. crocea (P>0.05). Amino acid analysis revealed that the contents of Thr, Met, Leu, Val, Glu, Gly, Ala, Asp, and Ser in L. crocea cultured in offshore deep-water cages were comparable to that of wild L. crocea (P>0.05), while the contents of essential amino acids (EAA), flavor amino acids (FAA), and total amino acids (TAA) were significantly higher than that of nearshore cage-cultured L. crocea (P<0.05).
      Conclusion In summary, the offshore deep-water cage culture system can significantly improve the body morphology indices, antioxidant capacity, muscle texture, fatty acid composition, and amino acid nutritional value of L. crocea, making their overall quality closer to wild L. crocea, indicating that this culture system has significant potential for the production of high-quality L. crocea. The findings of the study deliver both theoretical and practical support for enhancing the quality of L. crocea aquaculture and optimizing intensive farming techniques.

       

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